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style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">扬州体育公园体育场建于扬州新城西区，是市民健身、休闲、竞技、娱乐的场所。场地内地势西高东低，高差超过 10m 。体育场设计遵循生态、自然、低碳、节能实用的理念，充分利用地形布置看台：采用西侧看台多、东侧看台少的不对称布置方案，与地形断面走势完全一致，和原有地形浑然一体，从而在最大程度上减少了土方量。在西侧看台上方单侧设置罩篷的建筑造型设计。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Yangzhou Sports Park Stadium, built in the west area of Yangzhou new city, is a place for citizens' fitness, leisure, competition and entertainment. The potential of the site is high in the West and low in the East, with an elevation difference of more than 10m. The stadium design follows the concept of ecology, nature, low carbon, energy conservation and practicality, and makes full use of the terrain to arrange the stands: the asymmetric layout scheme with more stands on the west side and less stands on the east side is adopted, which is completely consistent with the trend of the terrain section and integrated with the original terrain, thus reducing the earthwork to the greatest extent. Architectural modeling design with canopy on one side above the West grandstand.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101050190756UqeVSrwohqFUmp.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">1 工程概况\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">1 Project overview\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">体育场按容纳人数30000人设计，总用地面积118661m2，总建筑面积41722m2。西看台罩篷的建筑投影面积为10001m2，其中双层叠合部分投影面积为1689m2。看台的总体轮廓采用四心椭圆形。结合西看台的建筑主体分为3层，中间设局部夹层；东看台的建筑主体为2层，其下部设1层地下室。1，2层为办公用房、库房、商业服务区及媒体中心等；3层为用于看台的观众服务用房及半室外的观众厅。东看台地下室是地下车库和设备用房。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The stadium is designed to accommodate 30000 people, with a total land area of 118661m2 and a total construction area of 41722m2. The building projection area of the west stand canopy is 10001m2, of which the projection area of the double-layer superimposed part is 1689m2. The overall outline of the stand is a four center oval. Combined with the west stand, the main building is divided into three floors, with local mezzanine in the middle; The main building of the East stand is 2 floors, and a basement is set at the lower part. The first and second floors are office buildings, warehouses, commercial service areas and media centers; The third floor is the spectator service room for the grandstand and the semi outdoor auditorium. The basement of the East grandstand is an underground garage and equipment room.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051085510OzZbwlQhIep0WU.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101053331784OpsCdTUgoe0NYY.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">2 结构方案及结构体系\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">2 Structure scheme and structure system\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">西看台采用钢筋混凝土（含部分型钢混凝土）框架剪力墙结构体系；东、南、北看台均采用钢筋混凝土框架结构体系，部分采用型钢混凝土构件。看台混凝土结构总长242.9m，宽239.4m。针对体育场多数看台为露天生态看台的建筑设计，结合看台的不同建筑分区及下部建筑功能，在混凝土看台中设置4道防震伸缩缝，将整个看台分为4个相互独立的抗震单元。防震缝宽度取为120mm。防震缝的定位同时保证使西看台钢结构罩篷支座坐落在同一抗震单元上。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Reinforced concrete (including partial steel reinforced concrete) frame is adopted for the west stand Shear wall structure system; The East, South and north stands all adopt reinforced concrete frame structure system, and some adopt steel reinforced concrete members. The concrete structure of the stand is 242.9m long and 239.4m wide. In view of the architectural design that most grandstands of the stadium are open-air ecological grandstands, combined with the different building divisions of the grandstands and the functions of the lower buildings, four anti-seismic expansion joints are set in the concrete grandstand, and the whole grandstand is divided into four independent anti-seismic units. The width of the shockproof joint is taken as 120mm. The positioning of the seismic joint shall ensure that the steel structure canopy support of the west stand is located on the same seismic unit.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/2022061010510864407HQRaZHRpGsntU.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">各层楼盖部分采用现浇钢筋混凝土梁板结构，西看台部分采用预制看台板结构，部分外露建筑造型采用预制钢筋混凝土挂板。西侧入口大厅顶板依建筑造型设计成依地势曲折形状的无梁楼盖结构，以取得最大的建筑净高。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The floor of each floor adopts cast-in-place reinforced concrete beam and slab structure, the west stand adopts precast deck structure, and some exposed building shapes adopt precast reinforced concrete hanging slabs. The roof of the west entrance hall is designed as a beamless floor structure with a zigzag shape according to the architectural shape, so as to obtain the maximum clear height of the building.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">西看台钢结构罩篷是本工程设计的关键之一。由于建筑师构思的罩篷建筑效果排斥传统的悬挑式结构，在空间上也没有提供悬挑结构在出挑根部所必须的高度，因此结构放弃采用传统的悬挑式，而是顺应建筑造型要求采用退进布置的“预应力钢管桁架拱+钢桁架撑+斜撑杆+背拱”的结构形式。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The steel structure canopy of the west stand is one of the keys in the design of the project. As the architectural effect of the canopy conceived by the architect repels the traditional cantilever structure and does not provide the necessary height of the cantilever structure at the overhang root in space, the structure abandons the traditional cantilever type and adopts the structural form of \"pre stressed steel pipe truss arch + steel truss brace + diagonal brace + back arch\" which conforms to the architectural modeling requirements.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051588206LqjDxSK9TfQCX0.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051589027ZxCi4nekNjHWgy.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">为控制钢管桁架拱传到基础上的水平推力并调节上部钢结构扁平拱的杆件内力，在南北拱脚之间、比赛场地地面以下一定距离设预应力索对拉。施工时结合部分屋盖钢结构杆件后装的情况，在适当时机张拉预应力以获得最优效果。预应力张拉完毕后将拱脚固定，此后在风荷载、地震作用以及温度变化作用下引起的拱脚水平推力都传到桩基础，由桩基础和基础筏板共同承受。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In order to control the horizontal thrust transmitted from the steel pipe truss arch to the foundation and adjust the member internal force of the flat arch of the upper steel structure, prestressed cables are set at a certain distance between the north and South arch toes and below the ground of the competition field. During construction, combined with the post installation of some roof steel structure members, the prestress shall be tensioned at an appropriate time to obtain the best effect. After the prestress is tensioned, the arch foot is fixed, and then the horizontal thrust of the arch foot caused by wind load, earthquake and temperature change is transmitted to the pile foundation, which is borne by the pile foundation and the foundation raft.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051589694QcrGo7SDnlNyCL.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">大跨度拱脚通过对比计算进行优化设计，采用结合施工过程的可滑移铰接转变为刚接，设置一定数量预应力平行钢丝束以在一定程度上调节恒荷载下罩篷钢构件内力及平衡部分拱脚连线方向的水平力，同时桩基设计考虑平衡活（雪）荷载、风荷载以及温度变化、地震作用下的拱脚水平推力。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The large-span arch foot is optimized through comparative calculation. The sliding hinge joint combined with the construction process is changed into rigid joint. A certain number of prestressed parallel steel wire bundles are set to adjust the internal force of the steel components of the canopy under constant load and balance the horizontal force in the connecting direction of the arch foot. At the same time, the pile foundation design considers the balance of live (snow) load, wind load, temperature change and the horizontal thrust of the arch foot under earthquake.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">3 结构设计要点\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">3 Key points of structural design\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">3.1 体育场罩篷钢结构设计\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">3.1 Design of Stadium Canopy steel structure\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">扬州体育公园体育场西看台罩篷造型独特，是整个体育公园建筑群中的亮点，也由于建筑效果的特殊要求而成为结构设计的难点。罩篷钢结构设计采用“预应力桁架拱+钢桁架撑+斜撑杆+背拱”的结构形式，背拱下部支承在型钢混凝土剪力墙上。东侧预应力拱桁架拱脚跨度280m，拱底拉索中心标高-1.6m，拱顶标高42.978m；钢桁架撑最大跨度37.099m；屋盖外缘上、下挑篷自主拱中心向东最大出挑25.75m。结构设计使用年限为50年，大跨度罩篷钢结构及其支承剪力墙、拱脚的结构安全等级为一级，结构重要性系数取为1.1。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The unique shape of the canopy of the West grandstand of Yangzhou Sports Park stadium is the highlight of the whole sports park building complex, and it has also become a difficulty in structural design due to the special requirements of architectural effects. The canopy steel structure is designed in the form of \"prestressed truss arch + steel truss brace + diagonal brace + back arch\", and the lower part of the back arch is supported on the steel reinforced concrete shear wall. The span of the East prestressed arch truss arch foot is 280m, the center elevation of the arch bottom cable is -1.6m, and the arch crown elevation is 42.978m; The maximum span of steel truss brace is 37.099m; The maximum overhang from the center of the independent arch of the upper and lower cantilevered awnings on the outer edge of the roof to the East is 25.75m. The design service life of the structure is 50 years. The structural safety grade of the long-span canopy steel structure and its supporting shear wall and arch foot is grade I, and the structural importance coefficient is taken as 1.1.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">为满足建筑造型的要求，罩篷钢结构没有采用传统的悬挑结构，而是在罩篷前端布置一榀280m跨度的拱形钢桁架。由于受到建筑物限高的影响，这榀钢结构巨型落地主拱特别扁平，其矢跨比为0.185。参照《拱形钢结构技术规程》（JGJ/T 249—2011）的有关规定，需要考虑跃越屈曲问题。为尽量增大结构的跃越屈曲荷载，在主拱的几何布置中，将拱顶弦杆尽量紧贴屋面，以加大拱截面高度。这样尽可能加大主拱截面抵抗矩，提高了主拱的刚度，从而改善了结构的整体稳定性。主结构构件紧贴屋面的布置，使主结构可以兼作屋面外包膜的支座，既减少了屋面次结构，也减轻了屋盖荷重，对屋盖整体的经济性控制十分有利。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In order to meet the requirements of architectural modeling, instead of the traditional cantilever structure, a 280m span arch steel truss is arranged at the front of the canopy. Due to the influence of the height limit of the building, the huge floor main arch of the steel structure is particularly flat, and its rise span ratio is 0.185. According to the relevant provisions of technical specification for arched steel structures (jgj/t 249-2011), the problem of jump buckling should be considered. In order to maximize the jump buckling load of the structure, in the geometric layout of the main arch, the arch top chord is close to the roof as much as possible to increase the arch section height. In this way, the resistance moment of the main arch section is increased as much as possible, the stiffness of the main arch is improved, and the overall stability of the structure is improved. The arrangement of the main structural members close to the roof makes the main structure can also be used as the support of the roof envelope membrane, which not only reduces the roof secondary structure, but also reduces the roof load, which is very beneficial to the overall economic control of the roof.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">结合建筑造型，主拱与水平面的夹角为55°。为增加沿主拱传递轴力的路径，拱截面采用设有4根弦杆的四边形截面，对角线长度由拱脚处的双向5m，逐步平滑过渡到跨中的5m和5.976m（沿拱矢高方向）。主桁架拱的高跨比为1/56～1/46。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Combined with the architectural modeling, the included angle between the main arch and the horizontal plane is 55 °. In order to increase the path of transmitting axial force along the main arch, the arch section adopts a quadrilateral section with four chords, and the diagonal length gradually transitions smoothly from two-way 5m at the arch foot to 5M and 5.976m at the midspan (along the direction of arch rise). The height span ratio of the main truss arch is 1/56 ~ 1/46.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051590546gvMJEN7YUwXCec.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051591266SArnsd4UHgkIPi.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051591995Mne4mWc324fN5W.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">为保证建筑美观，钢桁架撑和上、下挑篷桁架，在平面投影方向，均沿体育场四心椭圆平面的径线呈放射状布置。钢桁架撑跨度从12.022m变化到37.099m，采用平面桁架，桁架高度由西向东从1m逐步加高到4.317m。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In order to ensure the beauty of the building, the steel truss braces and the upper and lower cantilevered roof trusses are arranged radially along the radial lines of the four center elliptic plane of the stadium in the plane projection direction. The span of steel truss brace is changed from 12.022m to 37.099m. Plane truss is adopted. The truss height is gradually increased from 1m to 4.317m from west to East.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051592683MYbbrg4ivsJOen.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">为保证钢桁架撑平面外的稳定性，沿钢桁架撑跨度内设置了3道环向桁架，并在钢桁架撑与环向桁架相交节点之间设斜撑杆以保证主拱西侧结构体系的整体几何不变性。经整体对比计算，确定斜撑杆由靠近挑篷侧设在上弦曲面内向背拱侧于适当位置斜向过渡到下弦曲面内更有利于结构整体均匀受力。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In order to ensure the out of plane stability of the steel truss brace, three circumferential trusses are set along the span of the steel truss brace, and diagonal braces are set between the intersection nodes of the steel truss brace and the circumferential truss to ensure the overall geometric invariance of the structural system on the west side of the main arch. Through the overall comparison and calculation, it is determined that the oblique transition of the diagonal brace from the side close to the canopy to the upper chord surface to the back arch side at an appropriate position is more conducive to the uniform stress of the whole structure.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">背拱设计为空间环向桁架，以平衡钢桁架撑根部的复杂内力，确保钢桁架撑的可靠受力。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The back arch is designed as a space circumferential truss to balance the complex internal force at the root of the steel truss brace and ensure the reliable stress of the steel truss brace.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">由于建筑设计决定主拱和背拱不相交，主拱为大跨度斜拱，而背拱是直接与下部型钢混凝土剪力墙多点相连的，两者的变形必然存在明显差异，尤其在两者相互接近的“角部”，类似于“应力集中”的局部内力极大情况相当明显。因此在结构布置上少布置一榀桁架撑以做局部“应力释放”处理，并将部分钢桁架撑的杆件设定为后装（同时设施工临时支撑并建入模型计算），以减小内力集中程度。角部外包膜材的支撑次结构也采用分缝设计以释放过于集中的应力。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Since the architectural design determines that the main arch and back arch do not intersect, the main arch is a long-span oblique arch, and the back arch is directly connected with the lower steel reinforced concrete shear wall at multiple points, there must be obvious differences in the deformation between the two, especially in the \"corners\" where the two are close to each other, and the local internal forces similar to those in the \"stress set\" are quite obvious. Therefore, in the structural layout, less than one truss brace is arranged for local \"stress release\" treatment, and the members of some steel truss braces are set as post installed (at the same time, temporary construction supports are set and built into the model for calculation), so as to reduce the degree of internal force concentration. The supporting substructure of the corner wrapped membrane material also adopts the seam design to release the over concentrated stress.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051593478eRxSvaVdSVZsSX.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">由于钢桁架撑和环形桁架均为平面桁架，其平面外刚度较小，为改善平面外稳定性，在部分相交节点处设角撑杆，角撑杆规格为 Ф159×6，以相当小的杆件设置有效加强了以上两种桁架平面外的约束，结构效率很高。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">As both the steel truss brace and the ring truss are plane trusses, their out of plane stiffness is small. In order to improve the out of plane stability, angle braces are set at some intersection nodes. The specifications of the angle braces are Ф one hundred and fifty-nine × 6. The out of plane constraints of the above two trusses are effectively strengthened with relatively small member settings, and the structural efficiency is very high.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/2022061010515941986e4OS2YfsO39cg.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">3.2 体育场罩篷钢结构设计\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">3.2 Design of Stadium Canopy steel structure\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">扬州体育公园体育场西看台罩篷采用跨度280m的巨型落地预应力桁架拱结构。按钢结构罩篷整体设计的受力要求，主拱位于南、北两端的两个拱脚需要在预应力施工阶段采用铰接并可滑移、正常使用阶段采用固接的拱脚设计。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The canopy of the West grandstand of Yangzhou Sports Park stadium is a huge floor prestressed truss arch structure with a span of 280m. According to the stress requirements of the overall design of the steel structure canopy, the two arch legs at the South and North ends of the main arch need to be hinged and slip in the prestressed construction stage, and the fixed arch leg design is used in the normal use stage.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">该巨型落地预应力桁架拱是由4根直径750mm的弦杆和直径273～400mm的腹杆组成的空间管桁架结构，与水平面成55°夹角，在拱脚根部，桁架截面呈对角弦杆中心线距离为5m的菱形。拱脚支座的设计是整个钢结构罩篷设计的关键点之一。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The giant floor prestressed truss arch is a space pipe truss structure composed of four chord bars with a diameter of 750mm and web bars with a diameter of 273 ~ 400mm, which forms an included angle of 55 ° with the horizontal plane. At the root of the arch foot, the truss section is a diamond with a distance of 5m from the center line of the diagonal chord. The design of arch foot support is one of the key points of the whole steel structure canopy design.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">按上部钢结构整体设计受力需要，在拱底预应力索张拉施工时，主拱拱脚应为允许转动的铰接支座，并需要随预应力拉索的张拉向跨度内侧方向相向滑移104mm(南拱脚支座)和107mm(北拱脚支座)，均为单侧滑移值，两端相向滑移总量为211mm。此时结构处于后装杆件尚未安装、已安装杆件随预应力张拉而部分逐渐落架的状态。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">According to the stress requirements of the overall design of the upper steel structure, during the tensioning construction of the prestressed cable at the arch bottom, the arch foot of the main arch shall be a hinged support that allows rotation, and it is required to slip 104mm (South arch foot support) and 107mm (North arch foot support) in the direction of the inner side of the span along with the tensioning of the prestressed cable, both of which are single-sided slip values, and the total amount of opposite slip at both ends is 211mm. At this time, the structure is in the state that the post installed members have not been installed, and the installed members gradually fall off the frame with the prestressed tensioning.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">从设计的角度来看，“可滑移的铰支座”要求拱脚的传力归拢到一点，否则难以实现一定量的转动和滑移。但在构造上，若将主拱4根外径750mm的弦杆并拢到一点，不仅实际施工制作的难度很大、造价很高(主拱弦杆为Q460高强钢材，如采用相近强度的铸钢件，需要在铸钢中添加特殊化学元素，将明显提高造价，且焊接的难度也大大提高)，而且可能加大下一阶段主拱拱脚变换为固接支座后在构造上和传力上的难度。因此经多方案比选，决定采用主拱弦杆在拱脚处不内收、另设加强腹杆交会到拱底形心的设计。同时，为保证铰接支座的可转动性，在拱底加强腹杆交会的形心处采用销接构造；预应力张拉时的滑移采用销下设限位滑槽的方法。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">From the design point of view, the \"sliding hinged support\" requires that the force transmission of the arch foot converge to a point, otherwise it is difficult to achieve a certain amount of rotation and sliding. However, in terms of structure, if the four chord bars with an outer diameter of 750mm of the main arch are combined to a point, it is not only very difficult to actually construct and manufacture, but also very expensive (the chord bars of the main arch are Q460 high-strength steel. If steel castings with similar strength are used, special chemical elements need to be added to the cast steel, which will significantly increase the cost and the difficulty of welding), Moreover, it may increase the difficulty in structure and force transmission after the arch foot of the main arch is transformed into fixed support in the next stage. Therefore, after comparison and selection of multiple schemes, it is decided to adopt the design that the chord of the main arch is not retracted at the arch foot, and a reinforced web member is set to intersect to the centroid of the arch bottom. At the same time, in order to ensure the rotatability of the hinged support, the pin connection structure is adopted at the centroid of the intersection of the reinforced web members at the arch bottom; The method of setting a limit chute under the pin is adopted for the slippage during prestressed tensioning.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">为保证可靠传力，在前述拱脚端部加强腹杆之间设置双向穿心钢板和径向撑管两道，以改善拱脚在第1阶段的受力。在穿心钢板上满打M19@200×200的焊钉以保证钢板在下一阶段与混凝土成为整体。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In order to ensure reliable force transmission, two two-way through core steel plates and radial bracing pipes are set between the reinforcing webs at the end of the arch foot to improve the stress of the arch foot in the first stage. Full play on the through core steel plate M19@200 × 200 to ensure that the steel plate and concrete become an integral part in the next stage.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">为减小滑块和滑槽之间的摩擦力，相关接触面须进行精加工，在两个接触面之间放置镜面不锈钢板和聚四氟乙烯板，使接触面摩擦系数不超过0.02。销轴和销孔之间的接触面也应精加工、做镜面处理，以保证张拉预应力时不产生对支座和结构不利的附加内力。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In order to reduce the friction between the sliding block and the chute, the relevant contact surface must be finished. A mirror stainless steel plate and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate are placed between the two contact surfaces so that the friction coefficient of the contact surface does not exceed 0.02. The contact surface between the pin shaft and the pin hole shall also be finely machined and mirror treated to ensure that no additional internal force unfavorable to the support and structure will be generated during tensioning prestress.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/20220610105159498997K6UJKFrGaqAR.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">预应力张拉完毕后，拱脚受力将从第1阶段过渡到第2阶段，由铰接滑移拱脚变为固接拱脚。由于没有将主拱弦杆交汇，所以在第2阶段可以很方便可靠地实现埋入式固接拱脚，而尺寸较大的外包混凝土能够恰好被在拱脚处建筑设计所需要的堆土所覆盖。主拱弦杆按伸入拱脚混凝土内的长度不小于3倍的弦杆外径进行设计，同时在弦杆端部设环形靴梁、在弦杆伸入混凝土拱脚约300mm处设环形反牛腿、在弦杆外表面满打焊钉以保证埋入式拱脚的可靠传力。在混凝土承台中除沿外表面配置双层双向钢筋外，在内部配置三向钢筋网，并在下部灌注桩施工时在桩端先行预埋型钢，以提高拱脚抗拔和抗剪承载能力，并加强桩身和承台之间的整体性。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">After the prestressing is completed, the stress on the arch foot will transition from the first stage to the second stage, which is hinged Sliding arch foot becomes fixed arch foot. Since there is no intersection of the main arch chords, the embedded fixed arch foot can be easily and reliably realized in the second stage, and the large-scale concrete can be just covered by the soil required for the architectural design at the arch foot. The chord of the main arch shall be designed according to the length extending into the concrete of the arch foot not less than 3 times of the outer diameter of the chord. At the same time, an annular shoe beam shall be set at the end of the chord, an annular anti bracket shall be set at the place where the chord extends into the concrete arch foot about 300mm, and welding nails shall be fully punched on the outer surface of the chord to ensure the reliable force transmission of the embedded arch foot. In the concrete bearing platform, in addition to the double-layer and two-way reinforcement along the outer surface, the three-way reinforcement mesh is configured inside, and the section steel is embedded at the pile end during the construction of the lower cast-in-place pile, so as to improve the uplift and shear bearing capacity of the arch foot and strengthen the integrity between the pile body and the bearing platform.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051595854Q930GulgSZZkaI.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051596691hkdjd3Koy5K5ef.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/2022061010515974822FBK5dtXd83aOh.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/202206101051598224ZyxOCysYkEsOL4.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">3.3 超长钢筋混凝土看台设计\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">3.3 Design of super long reinforced concrete stand\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">看台混凝土结构在设置四道防震缝后，由于受到西看台上方斜拱不宜跨越不同抗震单元的限制，西看台混凝土结构南北向长度仍达到229.8m，结构长度超过规范允许值很多。针对结构超长，采取以下措施：\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">（1）要求施工时尽量降低混凝土入模温度和养护温度，按结构成型后的实际温度历程进行温度应力计算，并计入混凝土收缩、徐变等因素的影响；在温度应力较大的部位提高配筋率，楼屋面板采用双层双向配筋，每层每向配筋率均不小于0.3%。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">（2）超长看台部分采用预制构件。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">（3）混凝土梁浇筑时设施工后浇带，每隔约40m设置一道施工后浇带，宽1 000m，在60d后且气温低于10℃时采用强度等级提高一级的微膨胀混凝土浇筑。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">（4）施工时采取减小水泥用量和水灰比、掺入合适的外加剂、改善水泥和骨料质量、加强养护等措施，尽量减少混凝土收缩裂缝。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">After four seismic joints are set in the concrete structure of the west stand, the North-South length of the concrete structure of the west stand still reaches 229.8m due to the restriction that the inclined arch above the west stand is not suitable to span different seismic units, and the structure length is much longer than the allowable value of the specification. For the super long structure, the following measures shall be taken:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">(1) It is required to reduce the concrete molding temperature and curing temperature as much as possible during construction, calculate the temperature stress according to the actual temperature history after the structure is formed, and include the influence of concrete shrinkage, creep and other factors; The reinforcement ratio shall be increased at the parts with large temperature stress. The double-layer and two-way reinforcement shall be adopted for the roof slab, and the reinforcement ratio in each direction of each layer shall not be less than 0.3%.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">(2) Prefabricated components are used for the super long stand.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">(3) The post cast strip shall be set during concrete beam pouring, and one post cast strip shall be set every 40m, with a width of 1000 m. after 60 days and when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the micro expansion concrete with the strength grade increased by one level shall be used for pouring.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">(4) During construction, measures such as reducing cement consumption and water cement ratio, adding appropriate admixtures, improving cement and aggregate quality, and strengthening maintenance shall be taken to minimize concrete shrinkage cracks.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">西看台采用清水混凝土预制板，为保证预制看台板在温度、地震作用下的适用性、安全性，预制板端部搁置长度取为350mm，采用浆锚或与预埋钢板焊接（用于栏板根部）等方法和现浇钢筋混凝土结构可靠连接。并在预制板与现浇混凝土支座梁之间放置橡胶垫块，以释放温度变形。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The west stand adopts fair faced concrete precast slabs. In order to ensure the applicability and safety of precast slabs under temperature and earthquake, the laying length of precast slab ends is taken as 350mm, and the precast slabs are reliably connected with cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures by means of mortar anchors or welding with embedded steel plates (for the root of breast boards). A rubber cushion block shall be placed between the precast slab and the cast-in-place concrete support beam to release the temperature deformation.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://www.iecwww.com/uploads/image/20220610/20220610105159896373nNH58VfWqTLd.jpeg\" />\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">4 基础设计\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">4 Foundation Design\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">根据场地勘察情况，考虑荷载的大小、平面分布及地基持力层的分布情况，选用⑦层砾质砂岩层为拱脚下基桩持力层，采用直径1200mm钻孔灌注桩，有效桩长为10～12m，按静载荷试桩报告取单桩抗压承载力特征值为4200kN，单桩水平承载力特征值为700kN；选用⑦层砾质砂岩层或⑧层泥质砂岩层为其他区域的基桩持力层，采用直径600mm钻孔灌注桩，有效桩长7～15m随土层而变，单桩抗压承载力特征值为1050～1450kN，单桩抗拔承载力特征值为500kN。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">According to the site investigation, considering the load size, plane distribution and the distribution of foundation bearing layer, ⑦ layer of gravelly sandstone is selected as the bearing layer of foundation pile at the foot of the arch, and 1200mm diameter bored piles are used. The effective pile length is 10 ~ 12m. According to the static load test report, the characteristic value of single pile's compressive bearing capacity is 4200kn, and the characteristic value of single pile's horizontal bearing capacity is 700kN; The gravel sandstone layer ⑦ or argillaceous sandstone layer ⑧ is selected as the bearing stratum of foundation piles in other areas. The bored cast-in-place piles with a diameter of 600mm are used. The effective pile length is 7 ~ 15m and varies with the soil layer. The characteristic value of the compressive bearing capacity of a single pile is 1050 ~ 1450kn and the characteristic value of the uplift bearing capacity of a single pile is 500kN.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">基础埋深为2～5.5m，采用桩筏基础（西看台拱脚连线及附近部分区域）和独立桩承台+基础拉梁（其他部位）的基础形式。地下室部分采用“桩承台+止水板”设计。地下室底板直接支承于③层粉土、粉砂层，底板荷载不传到桩基础。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The buried depth of the foundation is 2 ~ 5.5m, and the foundation form of pile raft foundation (connecting line of the arch foot of the west stand and some nearby areas) and independent pile cap + foundation tie beam (other parts) is adopted. The basement is designed with \"pile cap + water stop plate\". The basement floor is directly supported on the silt and silty sand layer of layer ③, and the floor load is not transmitted to the pile foundation.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">大跨度钢结构拱脚设计的关键是要平衡好拱脚水平力，设计所采取措施：1）部分水平力直接由承台下的桩承受，该承台下桩按承受水平作用的桩进行设计；2）桩顶预埋数个H型钢，规格为H300×300×10×15，以确保承台水平力可靠地传递到桩；3）在南北两个拱脚之间,顶面与承台顶面持平，由南至北一定范围内设500mm厚整体筏板以平衡部分拱脚水平力。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The key of arch foot design of long-span steel structure is to balance the horizontal force of arch foot. The design measures are as follows: 1) part of the horizontal force is directly borne by the pile under the bearing platform, and the pile under the bearing platform is designed according to the pile bearing the horizontal action; 2) Several H-shaped steels with specification of H300 are embedded in the pile top × three hundred × ten × 15 to ensure that the horizontal force of the bearing platform is reliably transmitted to the pile; 3) Between the north and South arches, the top surface is flat with the top surface of the bearing platform. A 500mm thick integral raft is set within a certain range from south to north to balance the horizontal force of some arches.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">5 结语\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">5 Conclusion\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">对于体育场这类结构暴露的建筑，结构必须体现建筑在造型方面的设想，实现建筑师的意图。在此前提下，结构工程师需要将可能不符合力学原理的建筑造型设计成合理传力、安全可靠的结构。在这个过程中，可以综合、灵活地运用施加预应力和结构分区、分片按特定顺序安装，从而达到“预调内力”的目的，使结构趋向合理。\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #999999; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">For the buildings with exposed structures such as stadiums, the structure must reflect the imagination of the building in modeling and realize the architect's intention. On this premise, the structural engineer needs to design the building shape that may not conform to the mechanical principle into a reasonable, safe and reliable structure. In this process, the prestressing force can be applied comprehensively and flexibly, and the structure can be installed in specific order, so as to achieve the purpose of \"pre adjustment of internal force\" and make the structure more reasonable.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 2;\"> \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">项目信息\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">项目名称：扬州体育公园体育场钢结构工程\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif;\">文章分类：文化体育\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp style=\"line-height: 2;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 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