伦敦国家美术馆Sainsbury翼楼改造，英国 / Selldorf Architects

2025-05-09 16:22:17建筑设计既有建筑改造与更新文化建筑现代风格

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为纪念建馆两百周年，伦敦国家美术馆启动了一项具有变革意义的资本项目，旨在打造一个更具亲和力、包容性和可达性的美术馆，使其能够更好地发挥位于特拉法加广场核心地段的地理优势。项目涵盖了多个方面：对一級保护建筑赛恩斯伯里翼（Sainsbury Wing）内部若干区域进行改造——该建筑由Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates设计，于1991年开放；改造研究中心及周边公共空间；并在Wilkins主楼内增设一座全新的“支持者之家”（Supporters’ House）。第一阶段将于2025年5月10日向公众开放，呈现出历史建筑与现代功能的融合，确保数百万年访客的到达体验更加得体与友好。

For its bicentenary, the National Gallery London has embarked on transformative capital projects to create a more welcoming, inclusive and accessible Gallery that engages its prominent Trafalgar Square location. The scope of work includes the remodelling of select areas within the Grade I listed Sainsbury Wing – originally designed by Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates and opened in 1991 – as well as the Research Centre, the surrounding public realm, and the addition of a new Supporters’ House within the Wilkins Building. The first phase, which opens to the public on May 10 2025, integrates historic architecture with modern functionality, ensuring an arrival experience that more graciously accommodates millions of annual visitors.

▼伦敦国家美术馆外观，exterior of the national gallery

Wilkins主楼与Sainsbury翼楼在建筑上各具特色，其中Sainsbury翼楼以独特的后现代主义风格呼应Wilkins主楼，同时也回应着特拉法加广场、佩尔梅尔街（Pall Mall）以及广场东侧的圣马丁教堂（St Martin-in-the-Fields）等城市语境。在文化遗产建筑事务所Purcell的密切合作下，设计团队首先深入研究了Sainsbury翼楼的建筑构图（parti），以全面理解其建筑布局与语汇的原初意图。这一研究为后续设计一系列周到的改动奠定基础——这些改动在尊重原有建筑特征的同时，构建出更加包容与开放的入口体验，迎接来自全球的艺术爱好者。

The Wilkins Building and the Sainsbury Wing stand as separately identifiable works of architecture, with the Sainsbury Wing occupying its location as a clear and unique piece of postmodern architecture that uniquely responds to its counterpart (the Wilkins Building), and also to the urban context of Trafalgar Square, Pall Mall and to the East, across the Square, to St Martin-in-the-Fields. Working closely with Purcell, heritage architects for the project, we began by researching the parti of the Sainsbury Wing to fully understand the intent of the architectural layout and vocabulary of the Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates’ (VSBA) building. This enabled us to design a series of well-considered changes that respect and correspond with the original character of the building while providing a new, more inclusive and welcoming entry to one of the world’s great art collections.

▼以独特的后现代主义风格呼应主楼，postmodern architecture that uniquely responds to its counterpart

通过拆除Wilkins主楼西侧原有的不对外开放庭院，项目创造出一个全新的“广场中的广场”，拓展了Sainsbury翼楼前方的空间，使其成为新的主要入口。这一空间既提升了公众聚集的舒适性，也强化了地面层Wilkins主楼与Sainsbury翼楼之间的视觉联系。

A new “Square within a Square” has been created by the removal of an existing non-public courtyard on the western edge of the Wilkins building. This larger space in front of the Sainsbury Wing signals it as the new, main entry point allowing for more comfortable public gathering in front of the building and alongside Jubilee Walk, while creating a stronger visual connection between Wilkins and the Sainsbury Wing at grade.

▼强化主楼与侧翼之间的视觉联系，creating a stronger visual connection between Wilkins and the Sainsbury Wing

此外，Sainsbury翼楼原本昏暗的深色玻璃幕墙被更符合保护标准的现代透明玻璃替换，使建筑呈现出更加开放和亲切的面貌。人们如今可以透过立面看到内部的活动，并获得方位感，如楼梯与夹层上的人影一览无遗。反之，站在馆内也能更加清晰地看到广场及穿越Jubilee Walk至Wilkins主楼的景观联系。

Additionally, by replacing the original dark glass of the Sainsbury Wing’s façade with contemporary, conservation-safe, clear glass, the building presents a more welcoming public face. One is able to see the activity in the building and to gain a sense of orientation as glimpses of people on the stairs and the mezzanine are now possible. Likewise, once inside, the connections back to the Square and across Jubilee Walk to the Wilkins Building are more readily apparent.

▼现代透明玻璃替换替换了原本昏暗的深色玻璃幕墙，the contemporary clear glass replacing the original dark glass

Sainsbury翼楼柱廊（loggia）上原本为黑色的外部铁门现已重新喷涂为锌灰色，并通过改造铰链实现侧向堆叠，从而形成通透的全宽开口。进入建筑后，访客将首先经过扩大的封闭式前厅与优化的安检流程，排队等候时间大大缩短。这些变化共同营造出更开放、热情的接待氛围，并可更高效地容纳更大流量的访客。

The black external gates in the loggia of Sainsbury have been repainted zinc colored grey, the hinges modified to enable them to stack to the side to create full-width openings. Upon entering the building, visitors encounter a new streamlined security process in an enlarged enclosed vestibule that will reduce queuing lines. Together these changes to the arrival threshold create a greater sense of openness and welcome and more easily accommodate a larger volume of visitors.

▼营造出更开放、热情的接待氛围，create a greater sense of openness and welcome

当年VSBA受委托设计Sainsbury翼楼的主要任务是扩展展厅空间，以容纳国家美术馆的常设藏品。新增展厅设置在新翼的二层，与Wilkins主楼展厅相连。为此，建筑很快发展出一座宏大的楼梯，将访客直接引向展览空间。原入口层则被设定为过渡性的通行空间，其设计特点是——进入空间即为黑暗低矮的压缩区域，与通往文艺复兴画廊的三层通高楼梯形成强烈反差。

When Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates (VSBA) were commissioned for the Sainsbury Wing in the late 1980s the main driver for the project was the need for more galleries to house the Gallery’s permanent collection. Once those were located on the second floor of the new wing, to connect with the galleries of the Wilkins Building, the grand staircase quickly evolved to bring visitors to the art. The entry floor in particular was intended to merely be a transitory ‘pass-through’ space. In the original design one enters into a dark and low compressed space that is in sharp contrast to the three-

storey

staircase leading to the Renaissance galleries.

▼营造宽敞的入口接待空间，create a spacious reception space near the entrance

▼宽敞的楼梯指引游客进入二层的展览空间，spacious staircase towards the upper level exhibition space

本次翻新保留了这一进入“压缩空间”的体验，其现已清晰地呈现为一处夹层，与东、西两侧新建的双层通高空间形成并置。新的空间布局为访客提供了更舒适的停留与导览区域，设有咖啡厅、休息区、博物馆商店与信息台；而夹层区域则设有餐厅、酒吧与书店。通过重新配置衣帽间与书店，首层公共开放空间增加了60%，实现了楼层之间新的视觉通透性，带来焕然一新的空间体验。

▼剖透视，perspective section

The current renovation maintains the experience of entering into the compressed VSBA space, now legible as a mezzanine juxtaposed with two newly created double height spaces to the east and west of the entry vestibule. This re-envisioned space provides room for orientation and lingering with a café, lounge area, museum shop and information desk, while the mezzanine houses a restaurant, bar and bookshop. By relocating the large cloakroom and bookshop the amount of public open space on the ground floor is increased by 60 percent, and a new visual connection is created across the ground floor and mezzanine areas, delivering a substantially different spatial condition.

▼夹层区域则设有餐厅、酒吧，the mezzanine houses a restaurant, bar

原建筑中富有特征的构件，如两根大型粗石柱、带有埃及装饰元素的立柱以及刻有捐赠人姓名的弧形石灰石墙面，都被重新布置，以在保留原有风格的同时改善参观动线、指引系统与可视性。原本位于首层的非结构性超大立柱已被移除，其余立柱则进行了“瘦身”处理，以配合新的通行逻辑。中央楼梯依旧保留原貌，成为空间的视觉核心。

Elements of the vocabulary of the existing fabric which contribute to the character of the ground floor, including the two large, rusticated pillars, and the Egyptian motif columns as well as the curved and incised limestone donor wall, have been relocated to maintain the character yet accommodate substantially improved visibility, wayfinding and circulation for visitors. The oversized, non-structural columns on the ground floor have been removed and the remaining ones have been attenuated to aid in the new more intuitive visitor circulation. The grand staircase is foregrounded and unaltered.

▼原建筑中的石柱被保留并重新布置，rusticated pillars are maintained and re-accommodated

▼保留原有风格的同时改善参观动线，maintain the character yet accommodate circulation for visitors

双层通高空间与透明玻璃的引入显著提升了门厅的自然采光，整体光线更为明亮。自然光之外，设计还新增LED灯具，并在天花板嵌入一系列由穆拉诺玻璃制成的扩散板，形成柔和光影。在空间布局与功能更新之外，项目还关注材料与肌理的定义与延续。新设计沿用了原建筑的风格语言，采用与二层现有抛光石柱相同的“皮亚特拉·塞雷纳灰砂岩”（Pietra Serena）作为首层与夹层的结构柱材料，并在夹层曲线板边沿采用与柱子及楼梯墙面石材锈面相呼应的凿面工艺。新旧元素在形式与质感中展开对话，共同营造出与原建筑紧密呼应而又具辨识度的更新表达。

With the two new double-height spaces and the clear glass, daylight is increased throughout the foyer. Natural light is supplemented with new LED lighting, including a series of cast Murano glass plates diffusers in the Sainsbury ground floor ceiling. Along with the modified programmatic and spatial changes, questions of definition of space and surfaces arise. We have chosen to build on the original mannerist approach utilising related materiality and expression, including Pietra Serena limestone for the remaining structural columns on the ground and mezzanine floors in continuity with the existing honed columns of the same Pietra Serena on the second floor. The cleft finish of the first-floor curved mezzanine slab edge corresponds with the masonry rustication on pillars and stair wall. In this way, the new design interventions seek to distinguish themselves while embracing and engaging with the most distinct and exciting elements in the space.

▼双层通高空间与透明玻璃的引入使整体空间更为明亮，the overall space is much brighter with the two new double-height spaces and the clear glass

地下层剧院也完成翻新，配备了新地毯、座椅织物与灯光系统。前厅通过移除原有公共卫生间实现面积翻倍，并增设固定长椅，以更好地服务演出前与中场休息期间的观众。

The theatre on the lower level has been renovated with new carpeting, seat upholstery and lighting. Its Anteroom has also doubled in size by relocating the public toilets so that the newly enlarged space with banquette seating can better accommodate pre-theatre and intermission attendees.

▼翻新后的地下层剧院，the theatre on the lower level after renovation

Wilkins主楼中原本面向特拉法加广场的办公空间被改造为“支持者之家”，作为捐助人专属的休闲与接待空间。研究中心将作为第二阶段的一部分同步翻新，并通过新建的Jubilee Walk地下通道连接至Sainsbury翼楼的剧院层，实现两栋楼之间更顺畅的公共动线（当前仅能通过上层展厅实现连通）。研究中心与“支持者之家”未来都将通过新设的地面入口直接进入，该入口取代了Wilkins主楼西侧原有的庭院。周边公共空间也将升级，包括使用再造波特兰石制造的水磨石长椅等设施，进一步提升开放体验。

▼体现主楼与翼楼之间的人流动线，section showing circulation loop between Sainsbury wing and Wilkins building

In the Wilkins building, office space overlooking Trafalgar Square has been repurposed as a new amenity and hospitality space for supporters of the Gallery. The Research Centre will be refurbished as part of Phase 2, along with the completion of a new link below Jubilee Walk, that will be accessible from the Theatre Level of the Sainsbury Wing. This will enhance the public connection between the two buildings, which is now only possible at the upper gallery level, and will provide for greater access to the newly refurbished Research Centre. Both the Research Centre and the Supporters’ House will be accessible via a new on-grade entry made possible by the removal of the courtyard on the western side of the Wilkins building. The public realm is further enhanced with new terrazzo bench seating made with reconstituted Portland limestone.

▼进一步提升开放体验，Further enhancement of the openness experience

自1991年Sainsbury翼楼落成以来，国家美术馆的需求与公众对博物馆的期待发生了显著变化。本次系统性改造为两栋建筑注入新的活力，使其得以继续为新一代观众提供丰厚的艺术体验与文化享受。

The needs of the Gallery, and the expectations of contemporary museum visitors, have evolved greatly in the thirty plus years since the Sainsbury Wing opened. This suite of changes adds another layer of richness to the buildings allowing them to continue to be enjoyed by a new generation of visitors as they encounter the wonders and beauty of the collection and all the programs that the Gallery has to offer.

▼国家美术馆夜景，National Gallery at night