中国铁建滨江•莫干山语

2022-05-07 18:02:00建筑设计接待中心商业建筑现代风格

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中国铁建滨江•莫干山语

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本案坐落于德清县东南侧国家4A级风景区塔山森林公园内，地理位置优越，距杭州30分钟车程，距莫干山20分钟车程，距下渚湖湿地10分钟车程。坐拥极佳的自然景观优势，以及良好的区位——承接主城外溢。区域认知度较高，后续发展空间较为瞩目。

本案原址为山中一座古寺，寺旁伫立两株香樟。为延续古寺之风度，便有意在此基础上营造玲珑小园，承袭江南风情，且守护古树香樟。此地青山密林三面环绕，潺潺溪流引人入胜。隐于自然的怀抱中，又不失入世的便捷，可谓“结庐在人境，而无车马喧。”

◎宋照青手稿

建筑概念

此园作为进入莫干山语城的入口，即为“归园田居”的序章，有起承转合之功用。如何在有限的空间里完整地造园，并传达出江南山居的意境，是本案的重点。依循古制，园内建筑采用中轴对称的布局，遵从客行流线分为三进院落。

起由竹荫花影漫道，经流水青石板桥，行至落客区，此为一进，承也；停车驻足，步入院中，映入眼帘皆是粉墙黛瓦，绿蔓漏窗，竹篱苍松，一步一景，主次分明，此为二进，转也；金铜色门扇缓缓开启，拾级而上，登堂入室后便可见中心庭院，周正开阔，远山尽现，此为三进，合也。

It starts from the bamboo shade and Flower Shadow Road, passes through the Liushui bluestone slab bridge, and goes to the drop off area. This is an entry and inheritance; Stop and walk into the courtyard. All you see are pink walls, black tiles, green vines, leaky windows, bamboo hedges and green pines. Step by step, the primary and secondary are clear. This is a two-step, turn also; The gold and copper colored door leaves open slowly and climb up the steps. After entering the room, you can see the central courtyard, which is open and far away from the mountains. This is a combination of three entrances.

围合出中心庭院的三栋主体建筑，分布于东，北，西侧。依照古建筑的营造等级，分为东侧的云薄亭，西侧的天清轩（取自杜甫《重过何氏五首》其二：“云薄翠微寺，天清皇子陂。”），北侧的啜茗堂（取自杜甫《重过何氏五首》其三：“落日平台上，春风啜茗时。”），以及起连接作用的廊。

Three main buildings enclosing the central courtyard are distributed in the East, North and West. According to the construction level of ancient buildings, it is divided into Yunbo Pavilion on the east side and Tianqing Pavilion on the west side (taken from the second part of Du Fu's five poems of he family: "Yunbo Cuiwei temple, Tianqing huangzipi"), Sipping tea hall on the north side (taken from the third part of Du Fu's "five songs of he family": on the sunset platform, when the spring breeze sips tea.), And a connecting corridor.

根据建筑形制，屋顶的造型也各有对应。“亭者，停也，人所停集也。”作为主庭院的入口，于云薄亭中，可将园中景色尽收眼底。故采用歇山顶来强调其作为门户的重要性。

According to the architectural form, the shape of the roof also corresponds to each other. "Pavilion, stop, people stop, set." As the entrance to the main courtyard, you can have a panoramic view of the garden in the cloud Pavilion. Therefore, the importance of xieshengshan as a gateway is emphasized.

“轩举高敞”，天清轩中空间畅阔，气息流通，便于赏景，是园中点睛之笔。作为本园出口，则采用了等级仅次于歇山顶的悬山顶。“周人明堂”，位于中轴线上的啜茗堂是园中的主体建筑，为接待、洽谈、会客的主要场所，屋顶采用改良后的重檐形制。

"The porch is high and open". The space in the Tianqing porch is wide and the breath is circulating, which is convenient for viewing. It is the finishing touch in the garden. As the exit of the park, the suspended peak, second only to Xie peak, is adopted. "Zhou Renming hall", located on the central axis, is the main building of the garden. It is the main place for reception, negotiation and reception. The roof adopts the improved double eaves shape.

因主厅堂须开阔明亮，故将歇山顶上部的悬山顶抬起，与下部的庑殿顶脱离出一段空间作为天窗，山花也采用高透玻璃而非实体屋面，最大化采光，从而使室内外空间交融共生。同时也区别于云薄亭的歇山顶，主次等级一眼可辨。

Because the main hall must be open and bright, the suspended peak at the upper part of Xieshan mountain is lifted and separated from the veranda roof at the lower part as a skylight. Mountain flowers also use high-permeability glass instead of solid roof to maximize daylighting, so as to blend and coexist indoor and outdoor space. At the same time, it is also different from the Xie peak of Yunbo Pavilion. The primary and secondary levels can be identified at a glance.

为呈现江南园林屋檐堆叠的错落感，同时兼顾各建筑的主次等级，啜茗堂的檐口高度设定为3.3米，云薄亭及天清轩檐口高度则为3米，穿插其中的连廊檐口高度为2.3米，如此使得各屋顶层叠有序，如远处山峦起伏，空间感丰富。

结构设计

山中建筑，宜低不宜高，宜隐不宜显，宜麓不宜顶。由此我们简化了各建筑的结构，仅使用梁、柱和檩条，舍去了层叠的斗拱和繁杂的雕花，并使其裸露于吊顶之外。

The buildings in the mountains should be low rather than high, hidden rather than obvious, foothills rather than top. Therefore, we simplified the structure of each building, only used beams, columns and purlins, omitted the stacked bucket arches and complicated carvings, and exposed them outside the ceiling.

结构创意灵感来源于中式传统木构设计，取其穿梁搭接体系之精髓，利用结构创新设计将中式传统空间的重檐营造、深远挑檐、轻巧构造以及通透自由的空间予以充分的表现。

The structural creativity is inspired by the Chinese traditional wooden structure design, taking the essence of its beam crossing and overlapping system, and using the structural innovation design to fully express the double eaves construction, far-reaching cornice, lightweight structure and transparent and free space of the Chinese traditional space.

◎结构及屋顶构成

同时，工字钢型金属柱头，更加体现了“久在樊笼里，复得返自然”的朴拙之感。

依循古代建筑营造等级，啜茗堂面阔三个开间，属民居形制，故柱上横梁采用南方地区民居特有的“月梁”，其梁的两端呈弧形，而梁的中段微微上拱，整体形象弯曲得近似新月，又似横亘室内的飞虹。室内吊顶也随之微微拱起，使竖向空间更为高耸通透。

云薄亭和天清轩作为本园出入口，与南北两侧游廊相接，构成雨天客行动线。南侧游廊在以廊庑为原型的基础上，改墙檐为实顶，既遮蔽了围墙外侧的地库车道入口，又构成了作为游廊的灰空间。北侧东西两处连廊则经由云薄亭和天清轩，通往本园的主要空间啜茗堂。

Yunbo Pavilion and tianqingxuan, as the entrances and exits of the park, are connected with the corridors on the north and south sides to form a passenger action line in rainy days. Based on the corridor veranda as the prototype, the South corridor changes the wall eaves into a solid roof, which not only covers the basement Lane entrance outside the enclosure, but also constitutes a gray space as a corridor. The East and West corridors on the north side lead to the tea sipping hall, the main space of the park, through Yunbo Pavilion and Tianqing Pavilion.

啜茗堂依据地势，分为地上地下两个空间。一层通高空间为接待，会客区。从西侧旋转楼梯盘桓而下至负一层，便是展陈，洽谈，品茗，健身，游泳等功能空间。东侧洽谈区临河道，地势较低，遂顺势叠石引水，促成一景。居于室内，可见林木荇藻，山涧徐流。

Sipping tea hall is divided into two spaces above ground and underground according to the terrain. The reception area on the first floor is high. From the west side of the revolving stairs to the lower floor, there are functional spaces for exhibition, negotiation, tea tasting, fitness, swimming and so on. The east side of the negotiation area is close to the River Road, and the terrain is low. Therefore, the water is diverted by stacking stones to promote a scenic spot. Living indoors, you can see trees, algae and mountain streams flowing slowly.

“园中求色，不能以实求之。北国园林，以翠松朱廊衬以蓝天白云，以有色胜；江南园林，小阁临流，粉墙低亚，得万千形象之变。白本非色，而色自生；池水无色，而色最丰。色中求色，不如无色中求色；故园林当于无景中求景，无声处求声，动中求动，不如静中求动。景中有景，园林之大镜，大池也，皆于无景中得之。”（《说园》——陈从周）

"Color in the garden cannot be sought by reality. In northern gardens, green pines and Zhu corridors are lined with blue sky and white clouds, and color wins. In southern gardens, small pavilions are close to the stream, and pink walls are low in Asia, resulting in thousands of image changes. White is not color, but color comes into being; the pool water is colorless, and the color is the most abundant. Color in color is better than color in colorlessness; the ancient garden forest should seek scenery in the absence of scenery, sound in the silence, motion, rather than motion in silence. There is scenery in the scenery, the garden's big mirror and big pool Also, they all get it in the absence of scenery. " (Shuo yuan - Chen Congzhou)

小园布景宜精宜引，不宜泄。故环立楼廊墙垣以蔽之，再藉由玻璃砖及漏窗以引之。于此园造景，需移步易景。由二进院落起，便以白石子铺地，取白雪皑皑之境意。再以三两寸石点缀，衬托苍松于方寸之间。经云薄亭穿堂而过，主庭院内只于北侧啜茗堂外对立两株乌桕，“中无杂树，芳草鲜美。”

The setting of the small garden should be refined and introduced rather than vented. Therefore, the surrounding gallery wall is covered, and then led by glass bricks and leaky windows. To create scenery in this garden, you need to move and change the scenery. From the second entrance to the courtyard, the ground is paved with white stones, taking the meaning of white snow. Then it is decorated with three or two inch stones to set off the pines between square inches. Passing through the hall of Yunbo Pavilion, there are only two Sapium sebiferum opposite outside the sipping hall on the north side of the main courtyard, "there are no miscellaneous trees in it, and the fragrant grass is delicious."

南侧游廊下辟出一池清水，衬以葱葱翠竹作其对景，此外再无繁缛杂饰，只可见“梨花院落溶溶月，柳絮池塘淡淡风。”

A pool of clear water is set up under the South Corridor, lined with lush green bamboo as its opposite scene. In addition, there is no red tape and miscellaneous decoration. Only "the moon dissolves in the pear courtyard, and the catkins pond has a faint wind."

本案旨在传达“归园田”的生活方式，以淡青，皓白，木色打底，黛灰色压顶来打造本真质感。其色分别对应山水草木，白砂岩墙面，木结构吊顶，以及钛锌板屋顶。

The purpose of this case is to convey the lifestyle of "returning to the garden field", and create the true texture with light green, white, wood color and Dai gray top. Its colors correspond to landscape, vegetation, white sandstone wall, wood structure ceiling and titanium zinc plate roof respectively.

周边围墙作为承托，不宜跳脱，故采用土耳其白砂岩，其暖白色不至于使整体基调过于清冷，自身的石材机理又有卷轴宣纸质感，承载园中的水墨丹青。门窗框架所用的香槟金色铝合金型材和同色系的木纹铝板吊顶，中和了深灰色钛锌板屋顶的压抑感。

The surrounding wall is used as a support and should not jump off. Therefore, the Turkish white sandstone is used. Its warm white will not make the overall tone too cold. Its own stone mechanism has the texture of scroll rice paper, which carries the ink painting in the garden. The champagne gold aluminum alloy profile and the wood grain aluminum plate ceiling of the same color system used in the door and window frame neutralize the depression of the dark gray titanium zinc plate roof.

为实现设计中屋顶要极致的轻盈这一要求，屋面及檐口节点的细节设计就成了设计重点，在屋面采用矮立边的T型锁边系统的基础上，我们在屋面靠近檐口的位置进行了构造节点创新，放弃了传统T型锁边的做法，先将檐口端部的锐角造型用镀锌钢板做基层板控制造型角度，同时镀锌钢板要在尖角部位倒角弯折，留出锐角转角空间，再把钛锌板平铺于基层造型之上，利用材料厚度小的特点，将锐角直接折出。这样就保证了檐口端部可以尽可能的收紧为一条直线，从侧面看屋顶似没有厚度。

In order to realize the requirement that the roof should be extremely light in the design, the detail design of the roof and cornice node has become the focus of the design. On the basis of adopting the T-shaped edge locking system with low vertical edge on the roof, we have innovated the structural node at the position of the roof close to the cornice, abandoned the traditional T-shaped edge locking method, and first shaped the acute angle at the end of the cornice with galvanized steel plate as the base plate to control the modeling angle, At the same time, the galvanized steel plate shall be chamfered and bent at the sharp corners, leaving space for acute corners. Then, the titanium zinc plate shall be tiled on the base course shape, and the acute corners shall be directly folded out by using the characteristics of small material thickness. This ensures that the end of the cornice can be tightened into a straight line as much as possible, and the roof seems to have no thickness from the side.

吊顶与屋面的材料转换处留出空隙放置灯带，勾勒出屋顶轮廓。同时，啜茗堂的幕墙立挺内设置凹槽嵌入灯带，与屋顶的灯光交相辉映，在夜晚呈现出光影的韵律美。

A gap shall be reserved at the material conversion between the ceiling and the roof, and a light strip shall be placed to outline the roof. At the same time, the curtain wall of sipming hall is set with a groove embedded in the light belt, which complements the light on the roof and presents the rhythmic beauty of light and shadow at night.

室内同样采用原木色基调，配以白色吊顶，呈现纯净质朴的舒适感。梁柱上的凹槽设计，是为露出原本的钢结构骨架，黛青色与木色相配，雅淡而不流寒酸。

The interior also adopts the tone of log color, with white ceiling, showing a pure and simple sense of comfort. The groove design on the beam and column is to expose the original steel structure skeleton. The dark blue color matches the wood color, which is elegant but not shabby.

同时，条条沟壑也强调了梁柱的结构之美。上细下粗的柱身通过工字钢型柱头托起月梁，展现出力学的平衡感。

At the same time, the gullies also emphasize the structural beauty of beams and columns. The column body with thin top and thick bottom holds up the moon beam through the I-steel column head, showing a sense of mechanical balance.

“落日绣帘卷，亭下水连空。知君为我，新作窗户湿青红。长记平山堂上，欹枕江南烟雨，杳杳没孤鸿。认得醉翁语，山色有无中。

"The sunset is embroidered with curtains, and the water in the pavilion is empty. I know you are me, and the new windows are wet, green and red. Long remember that on the Pingshan hall, there is a misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, and there is no solitary Hong. I know the drunk Weng's language, and the scenery of the mountain is in the middle or not.

一千顷，都镜净，倒碧峰。忽然浪起，掀舞一叶白头翁。堪笑兰台公子，未解庄生天籁，刚道有雌雄。一点浩然气，千里快哉风。”（《水调歌头·黄州快哉亭赠张偓佺》——苏轼）

A thousand hectares, all mirror clean, inverted Bi Feng. Suddenly the waves rose and danced a leaf of Pulsatilla. You can laugh at the son of Lantai, and you can't understand that Zhuang is born with the sound of nature. There are male and female in Gangdao. A little lofty spirit, thousands of miles, fast wind. " (song of the tune of water: a gift to Zhang LUOQUAN from Huangzhou Pavilion - Su Shi)

造园之事，虽由人作，宛自天开。汇江河山川，聚草木湖石，演化出人间佳境，自此莫干山麓终成一园。

Although gardening is done by people, it seems to open from heaven. Huijiang River, mountains and rivers, gather vegetation, lakes and stones, and evolve into a beautiful world on earth. Since then, the foot of Mogan mountain has finally become a garden.